第四期_2011_《混凝土與水泥制品》雜志社

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第四期

超輕憎水混凝土的研發與應用

馮乃謙1，李章建2，黃文君2，張志齡1

２０11年第4期

摘要

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摘要：研究了超輕陶粒、聚苯泡沫塑料粒和引氣劑配制的超輕混凝土，其密度為800~1200kg/m3,抗壓強度為4~8MPa,導熱系數為0.22 W/(m·k)，并研究了可漂浮于水面上的憎水超輕混凝土。此外，對超輕混凝土進行了多次泵送試驗。 Abstract: The super-light weight concrete is made by using ceramics aggregate, polystyrene foam and air-entraining additive，which is with bulk density 800~1200kg/m3，compressive strength 4~8MPa and heat transfer coefficient 0.22 W/(m·k). The hydrophobic concrete with super-light weight aggregate is also made, and pumping tests are carried out several times for super-light weight concrete.

粉煤灰與化學外加劑對高性能混凝土開裂性能的影響

崔東霞1，費治華2，姚海婷3

２０11年第4期

摘要

引用本文

摘要：收縮開裂是影響現代混凝土耐久性的主要因素。本文通過平板開裂試驗、圓環開裂試驗評定粉煤灰摻量與外加劑品種對混凝土開裂的影響。結果表明，適當摻入優質粉煤灰，對于早期塑性開裂具有一定的抑制作用，塑性收縮的開裂總面積下降，混凝土的抗裂性提高；隨粉煤灰摻量增大，圓環試件的開裂時間和裂寬均呈下降趨勢。試驗結果還表明：與其它幾種外加劑相比，聚羧酸高效減水劑與2%減縮劑復配后對抑制混凝土早期塑性開裂和后期干燥開裂均具有顯著效果。 Abstract: Shrinkage and cracking are the primary factors influencing the durability of modern concrete. In this paper, the effects of the dosage of fly-ash and the kinds of chemical additives on the concrete cracking properties are tested by the ring testing method and slab testing method. The experimental results show that fly-ash with the proper dosage could inhibit the plastic cracking of concrete, the total areas of plastic cracking decrease and the anti-cracking grade of concrete is improved. With the increase of fly-ash proportion， the cracking time and crack width of ring specimen decreased. Furthermore, compared with the other kinds of additives, the experimental results show that when the polycarboxylate superplasticizer with 2% SRA(by weight of cementitious materials) is added into concrete, there is obvious effects on the resistance to the plastic cracking at early age and drying cracking at later age of concrete.

新拌次輕混凝土流變特性的研究

孫華，黃修林，丁慶軍

２０11年第4期

摘要

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摘要：通過對新拌次輕混凝土的流變特性研究，分析了集料組成對新拌次輕混凝土屈服剪切應力和粘性系數的影響、新拌次輕混凝土的結構形成特點及其粒子的運動特點。結果表明：利用普通集料部分替代輕集料可顯著改善混凝土的流變性能，提高水泥漿體的粘度、減小輕集料粒徑可提高混凝土的勻質性，從而改善次輕混凝土的力學性能和耐久性。 Abstract: According to the research on rheological characteristic of fresh semi-lightweight concrete, the influences of aggregate composition on shear yield stress and viscosity coefficient, characteristics of structure formation and particle movement of fresh semi-lightweight concrete are analyzed. The results show that ordinary aggregate partially replacing lightweight aggregate can obviously improve rheological properties of concrete, and increasing viscosity of cement paste and reducing diameter of lightweight aggregate can modify the uniformity of concrete. Finally the mechanical properties and durability of semi-lightweight concrete can be improved.

磷石膏在水泥及蒸壓硅酸鹽制品中的應用研究

陸金馳，李忠堯

２０11年第4期

摘要

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摘要：工業副產品磷石膏直接用作水泥緩凝劑會使水泥的凝結時間延長，強度降低。通過改性后的磷石膏具有調節水泥凝結時間、提高水泥強度的性能，能代替天然石膏用作水泥緩凝劑。改性后的磷石膏還可代替天然石膏用于蒸壓硅酸鹽制品，增強蒸壓硅酸鹽制品的強度。對蒸壓制品進行了XRD、SEM分析，結果表明，摻改性磷石膏的蒸壓制品形成了更多的水化產物，并擁有更致密的結構。 Abstract：Phosphogypsum directly used in cement as retarder will prolong the setting time and reduce the strength of cement. Therefore, the phosphogypsum need to be modified before utilization. Phosphogypsum can replace gypsum as retarder for cement after being modified because the modified phosphogypsum has the characteristic of regulating the setting time and increasing the strength of cement in each curing age. The modified phosphogypsum can replace gypsum as additive used in autoclaved silicate products to enhance the strength of autoclaved silicate products. XRD and SEM are used to investigate the samples, and the results show that the autoclaved silicate products with modified phosphogypsum form more hydration products and have more compact structure.

混凝土抗裂性評價

何冬明

２０11年第4期

摘要

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摘要: 在混凝土工程應用中，大底板類大體積結構對抗裂性的要求非常高。本文運用混凝土自身性能測試、砂漿抗裂環和王鐵夢工程裂縫計算法等手段研究了工程應用混凝土的抗裂性，形成了一套有效的大底板混凝土抗裂性評價體系，并應用于尺寸100m左右的水工底板工程，為今后類似混凝土配合比設計與抗裂性研究提供了參考。 Abstract: Requirement of crack resistance of the concrete used in engineering, especially in the large-area base plate structure, is very high. Concrete’s self-performance testing, crack-resistant ring of mortar and “Wang Tiemeng” calculation for engineering cracks are used to evaluate the concrete’s crack resistance in this paper, so as to form an effective evaluating system of crack resistance for large-area base plate concrete. The system is used in the hydraulic base plate engineering with the size of 100m, which provides some references for the coming design of mix proportion and research on crack resistance of this kind of concrete.

礦粉摻量對混凝土性能的影響

鄭青，許曉東，杜澤，王中良，華家杰

２０11年第4期

摘要

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摘要：研究了礦粉摻量對混凝土力學性能、耐久性等相關性能的影響。試驗結果表明，在相同水灰比條件下，摻入礦粉后混凝土7d及28d力學性能有所降低；抗滲性能得到了改善，但隨著礦粉摻量的增加而有所降低；混凝土塑性收縮增大；抗氯離子滲透性能增強。 Abstract: The influences of dosages of slag powder on the mechanical property and durability of concrete are investigated. The experimental results show that with the same water-cement ratio, after adding slag powder, the 7 days and 28 days mechanical properties of concrete are certainly decreased, the impermeability of concrete is improved, however, the impermeability is a bit decreased according to the dosage of slag powder increasing, the plastic shrinkage of concrete is greater and the performance of chloride ions penetration resistance is better.

混凝土電桿凍脹裂縫的探討

李學真

２０11年第4期

摘要

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摘要：混凝土電桿凍脹裂縫在全國乃至世界寒冷地區均出現過，但在地下水位高的地區尤為突出，寧夏黃灌區正好符合這一特定條件，在工程驗收中發現了較多的混凝土電桿出現凍脹裂縫。本文對混凝土電桿凍脹裂縫形成的原因進行了分析和探討，提出了冰凍膨脹是從電桿內部空腔形成的新觀點。為了證實這一觀點，提出了進行冰凍膨脹觀測實驗的建議，并提出了觀測實驗的具體方法和防治電桿凍脹裂縫的措施。 Abstract：Frost heaving cracks of concrete poles happened in cold areas in our country or even over the world. The situation is particularly outstanding in the areas with high groundwater level, and Huangguan area in Ningxia Province is fitted for this particular condition. During the engineering acceptance, frost heaving cracks are appeared in many concrete poles. The reasons for forming the frost heaving cracks for concrete poles are analyzed and investigated in this paper, and a new viewpoint of forming freezing expansion cracks by cavity inside the poles is put forward. To prove this new viewpoint, the proposal of observation experiment for freezing expansion is proposed. Meanwhile, specific methods of observation experiment and measures of preventing frost heaving cracks for concrete poles are provided.

免蒸壓PHC管樁的研制與工程應用

王成啟1，谷坤鵬1，王春明2，周郁兵2，張宜兵2

２０11年第4期

摘要

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摘要：為降低PHC管樁生產過程中的能源消耗和簡化生產工序，采用優選的混凝土配合比和蒸汽養護制度并充分利用環境溫度對PHC管樁蒸養后所發揮的作用，開發出免蒸壓PHC管樁工藝技術。所開發的免蒸壓PHC管樁混凝土抗壓強度滿足規范要求，具有較高的彈性模量、耐久性和較低的脆性，其耐久性和抗脆性優于蒸壓PHC管樁混凝土，且沉樁效果良好。 Abstract: To reduce the energy and simplify the production process in PHC piles production process, non-autoclaved PHC piles technology is developed by adopting suitable concrete mix proportions and steam curing system as well as the function of ambient temperature to the PHC piles after steam curing. The compressive strength of non-autoclaved PHC piles can conform to the specification and standard, and its elastic modulus and durability are better and its brittleness is less. The durability and brittleness resistance are superior to the steam curing PHC piles, and the effect on pile driving is good.

管樁余漿品質與混凝土磚性能的灰色關聯研究

蔡可鍵1，馮蕾1，戴海軍2

２０11年第4期

摘要

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摘要：通過試驗和數學灰色關聯分析，探討了工廠生產條件下余漿品質對混凝土磚強度和收縮等方面的影響。結果表明，對磚強度影響最大的是余漿的密度和固含量，其次是水化程度。余漿水化程度與磚的干燥收縮率有關，通過控制余漿密度可保證混凝土質量；對于干燥收縮的控制，可從余漿預處理和改進工藝方面著手。 Abstract: Through the tests and mathematics grey relational analytical method, the effects of slurry quality under factory production condition on strength and shrinkage of concrete bricks are discussed. The results show that the density and solid content of slurry are the most effective factors to the strength of bricks, and the hydration degree is the secondary factor. The hydration degree of slurry is correlated with the drying shrinkage ratio of bricks, and controlling the slurry density can ensure the concrete quality. To control the drying shrinkage, the measures of slurry pretreatment and improving the process can be made.

國標GB/T19496-2004《鉆芯檢測離心高強混凝土抗壓強度試驗方法》實施過程中應注意的若干問題

蔣元海1，朱文偉2，沈凱華3

２０11年第4期

摘要

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摘要：根據近年來國標GB/T 19496-2004《鉆芯檢測離心高強混凝土抗壓強度試驗方法》實施中所反映的一些情況，提出了在執行標準中應注意的幾個問題。 Abstract：In recent years, according to some situations in implement by national standard GB/T 19496-2004《Experimental method of drilling core checking compressive strength of centrifugal high-strength concrete》, some problems in carrying out the national standard are brought out.

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