第二期_2009_《混凝土與水泥制品》雜志社

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第二期

沸石減水保塑劑的特性與工程應用

馮乃謙1，石云興2，牛全林3

２００9年第2期

摘要

引用本文

摘要：以天然沸石超細粉吸附高效減水劑，制得沸石減水保塑劑。沸石減水保塑劑可用于普通混凝土、高性能混凝土及超高性能混凝土，使混凝土流動性增大，并能控制流動性的經時變化；這主要是由于在混凝土中它能緩慢被釋出，從而維持水泥粒子對減水劑的吸附量，使水泥粒子表面具有較穩值的Zeta電位，使水泥漿常處于分散狀態。在超高性能混凝土中，它還能降低新拌混凝土的粘度，便于泵送施工。沸石減水保塑劑摻入混凝土中還能改善硬化混凝土的結構，提高混凝土的強度。 Abstract: Absorption and desorption of superplasticizer by natural zeolite powder were investigated,and a zeolite plastic-keeping water reducer with natural zeolite powder as a carrier was produced. The addition of zeolite superplasticizer in concrete, the HPC and UHPC can increase their fluidity and slump, while the loss of fluidity and slump are effectively controlled. The causes are mainly that, the superplasticizer can be released gradually in the concrete from absorpted surface of zeolite, that will maintain the concentration of superplaticizer at the surface of cement particles, so that can maintain the surface zeta potential of cement particles and can keep the dispersing state of cement paste. It can also decrease the viscosity of fresh concrete for easy concreting of UHPC by pumping.The zeolite plasticizer can also improve the structure and increase the strength of concrete.

對混凝土養護方法的思考與建議

邱玉深

２００9年第2期

摘要

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摘要：由于水泥和混凝土技術的發展和進步，有些傳統的養護方法現已不能完全適用或部分不能適用?；炷恋拈_始澆水保濕時間應予提前，應做“盡早及時”，養護保濕持續時間應做到“足夠和適可而止”；養護過程中，為保證混凝土結構斷面上的溫度梯度、升溫速率、降溫速率適宜及具有較小的最高溫度和致裂溫度，應在混凝土于半流動狀態及塑性階段實施冷卻處理，而在最高溫度時加以覆蓋并開始保溫，并于硬化開始至最高溫度到達之間注意防止“熱震”的發生。 Abstract: Owing to the development and progress of cement and concrete technology, some traditional curing methods, especially for its regime, aren't suitable completely or partly. Author considers that, the beginning time of watering the concrete for keeping moisture should be advanced as early as possible. And the duration time for watering should be enough, but must stop just at time and not going too long. During the curing process, for the concrete structure section, in order to keep the temperature gradient, their rising rate and cooling rate in a suitable value and the maximum temperature and cracking temperature in a smaller value, the cooling measures should be taken when the concrete is in the semi-flow state and plastic stage. And the concrete should be covered for insulation at the time of maximum temperature and begin to preserve from thermal loss. Pay attention to avoid the “thermal shock” between the time at the beginning of harden and at the occurence of maximum temperature.

不同類型C50混凝土孔結構與耐久性關系的研究

張粉芹，王海波，王起才

２００9年第2期

摘要

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摘要：為了更深入了解C50混凝土組成材料與孔結構對混凝土耐久性的影響，通過壓汞法、快速凍融法、美國電量法、干濕循環腐蝕法等試驗方法分析了復合礦物外加劑和引氣劑單摻及雙摻對C50混凝土孔結構與耐久性的影響規律。結果表明，對于C50混凝土,單摻復合礦物外加劑對孔隙率的影響較小，但其中無害孔比例增加，少害孔、有害孔、多害孔的比例則減少，這對抗滲性、抗腐蝕性較為有利，但對抗凍性的改善不明顯；摻入引氣劑可以增加混凝土閉口孔隙率，對混凝土抗凍性明顯有利,但由于增加了20nm以上的開口孔，其抗滲性、抗腐蝕性有所降低；雙摻時，雖增加了混凝土孔隙率，但可以使混凝土的孔徑分布比單摻引氣混凝土時相對合理，因而對混凝土抗凍性、抗滲性、抗腐蝕性均有利。 Abstract： In order to better understand the influence of composition materials and pore structure of C50 concrete, the tests by using mercury intrusion method, rapid freeze-thawing method, American coulometric method, dry-wet cycling corrosion method, etc. have been done for investigating the influence of adding compound mineral admixture and air entraining agent, alonely or together, on the pore structure and durability of C50 concrete, then the influence law was analysed. The test results show that, for C50 concrete, the compound mineral admixture has little effect on porosity, but the proportion of harmless pores to the whole pores is increased, while the proportion of slightly harmful, harmful and more harmful pores are decreased, which will favorablely influence on impermeability and corrosion resistance of concrete, however, the effection on forst resistance is not obvious. When adding air entraining agent, the porosity of closed pores in concrete is increased, which has favorable influence on frost resistance, but the impermeability and corrosion resistance will be decreased since the quantity of opening pores (﹥20nm) are increased. When adding both , although the porosity of concrete is increased, the pore size distribution of concrete will become more reasonable than alonely adding air-entraining agent. And this is favorable for impermeability, frost resistance and corrosion resistance of concrete.

高摻粉煤灰面板混凝土耐久性的研究

梁文泉1, 何蕓1 ,何金榮2,3, 何真1 ,胡曙光3

２００9年第2期

摘要

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摘要：針對面板混凝土需要簡化溫控、提高抗裂和耐久性的要求，提出高摻粉煤灰與摻入GTA高性能減水劑共同作用的混凝土制備方法，并進行了混凝土強度、極限拉伸值、抗滲性和抗凍性的試驗研究。結果表明，在高摻粉煤灰時，GTA高性能減水劑的應用提高了面板混凝土的抗裂性，其中極限拉伸值提高了14%。同時，混凝土抗凍性可大于F100，抗滲性提高到W18，表明高摻粉煤灰面板混凝土的耐久性能夠滿足設計需要。 Abstract：Aimed to the requirements on the simplified process of temperature control and to improvement on the crack resistance and durability for the panel concrete, a kind of preparation method for concrete was investigated, which was made with the cooperation of high-dosage fly-ash (50% or 60%) and high performance water reducer GTA. Meanwhile, the compressive strength, ultimate tension rate, impermeability and frost resistance of concrete were tested. And the results show that the GTA, together with high-dosage of fly-ash will improve the crack resistance of panel concrete, among which the ultimate tension rate will increase14%, the frost resistance of concrete can reach more than F100 and the impermeability will be up to W18. That is to say the durability of panel concrete with high-dosage fly-ash can satisfy the design requirement.

破碎陶粒表面處理與其對混凝土性能的影響

陳偉，錢覺時，范英儒

２００9年第2期

摘要

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摘??要：目前，大部分陶粒的形狀和吸水性能均難以滿足混凝土工作性能要求。采用粒形較差和粒徑較大的陶粒，通過破碎獲得級配較好的粗集料和細集料，采用表面憎水處理減小其吸水性，并將經破碎和表面改性后的陶粒用于配制混凝土。結果表明:陶粒通過破碎后可獲得公稱粒徑為5～16mm連續顆粒級配的破碎陶粒，經表面憎水處理后，破碎陶粒1h吸水率從13.5%降低至3.2%，采用經憎水處理的破碎陶粒配制的混凝土，相對原狀陶粒和預濕破碎陶粒，在相同坍落度下的用水量和坍落度損失相當，但泌水率降低、強度提高較多；陶粒破碎后還可獲得公稱粒徑為0～5mm顆粒級配的陶砂，表面憎水處理后，陶砂1h吸水率從22.0%降到20.5%，降低程度不明顯，但仍可用于配制次（全）輕輕集料混凝土。Abstract:Forimprovingthegranularshapeandthewaterabsorptionoftheceramicite,akindofexpandedshalewithlargeparticlesizeandpoorshapehasbeencrushedandalightweightaggregatewithbettergrading,whichincludecoarseaggregateandfineaggregate,hasbeenobtained.Then,ahydrophobictreatmentonthesurfaceoftheseaggregateshasbeendoneforimprovingthewaterabsorption.Afterward,theconcretewiththismanagedaggregatesispreparedandtested.Theresultsshowthatalightweightaggregatewithcontinualgradingandanominalsizeof5～16mmcanbemadebycrushingofceramisite,andafterhydrophobictreatmentforthem,the1hwaterabsorptioncanbedecreasedfrom13.5%to3.2%,andthewaterrequirementandslumplossofconcretemadewithcrushedandtreatedceramiciteareequilibratedtotheconcretemadewithoriginalceremiciteorcrushedandwettedceramicite,butthebleedingratewillbedecreasedandthestrengthwillbeenhancedformore.Besides,aceramicsandwiththenominalsizeof0～5mmandthepropergradingcanalsobegottonbycrushingtheceramicite,andafterthesurfacetreatment,its1hwaterabsorptionwillbedecreasedfrom22.0%to20.5%,thedecreasingdegreeisnotsoobvious.

超塑化劑對水泥早期水化影響的灰值分析

張思佳，陳龍，邢曉明，蔣亞清

２００9年第2期

摘要

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摘要：對摻萘磺酸鹽縮合物減水劑和兩種聚羧酸減水劑的水泥漿體水化24h的微觀形貌進行了背散射電子圖像測試及灰度值分析，發現超塑化劑對水泥早期水化具有重要影響，摻不同超塑化劑的水泥早期水化產物有所區別。試驗同時還得出可利用灰度值來表征摻超塑化劑水泥的早期水化產物的結論。 Abstract：By using backscattered electron images for testing and analysing the grey value of the microstructure of cement pastes with respectively adding naphthalene formaldehyde condensate and two kinds of polycarboxylate type superplasticizers, cured for 24 hours, were tested. It is found that superplasticizers may strongly effect early hydration of cement, and there are some differences for early hydrates of cement when different superplasticizers are used. Grey value can be used to express the different hydration products of cement with superplasticizers at the early age.

粉煤灰摻入量對鋼筋銹蝕速率時變規律影響研究

徐惠，彭濤，陳瑞

２００9年第2期

摘要

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摘要：在人工氣候條件下，保持環境的溫濕度恒定，研究摻入不同量粉煤灰后混凝土內鋼筋銹蝕速率隨時間而變化的情況，得出粉煤灰的摻量對鋼筋銹蝕速率時變的影響規律，并對其機理進行分析。 Abstract: Under the condition of artificial climate, the influence of different contents of fly-ash on the regularity of time-dependent steel corrosion rate of concrete was studied with testing on keeping the environmental temperature and humidity constantly. As a result, the relationship between time-dependent steel corrosion rate and different contents of fly-ash has been obtained, and its mechanism is analysed.

《混凝土和鋼筋混凝土排水管》國家標準編制簡介

沈麗華，余洪方

２００9年第2期

摘要

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摘要：新修訂的《混凝土和鋼筋混凝土排水管》國家標準即將頒布實施。為便于該標準的使用方準確理解標準條款的具體含義，正確貫徹實施標準條款的具體要求和規定，本文介紹了該標準的修訂過程，并對標準的主要條款及其修訂理由進行了解釋和說明。

新型帶肋預應力管樁承載特性試驗研究

熊厚仁1,2，牛志榮2，蔣元海2，楊建永1，周兆弟3

２００9年第2期

摘要

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摘要：基于6根工程試樁的資料，對比分析了新型帶肋預應力管樁和傳統光滑圓管樁的Q-S曲線，并結合成樁前后樁周土的標準貫入試驗和靜力觸探試驗，分析該新型樁類對樁周土的擠土效應。試驗表明，新型帶肋預應力管樁的荷載變形曲線相對平緩，極限承載力比等直徑光滑圓管樁提高15%以上，擠土效果明顯。 Abstract：Based on the field tests datas of six piles, the Q-S (load-displacement) curves of the new type of prestressed piles with rib were compared to the traditional smooth circular piles. And then according to the data measured by the standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) of the soil around the new type of piles, before or past the time of pile-construction, the soil squeezing efficiency was analysed. The results indicated that the load-displacement curves of the new type of prestressed piles with rib were expressed relatively even, and the ultimate bearing capacity of the new type of prestressed piles was increased 15% than that of smooth circular piles with equal diameter, obviously, the soil squeezing efficiency of the new type of piles was higher.

后張法預應力混凝土管樁長期預應力損失研究

吳鋒，卓楊，曹進捷，方炫強

２００9年第2期

摘要

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摘要：后張法預應力混凝土大管樁由于抗彎承載力高和成本低等諸多優點，在港口工程中得到了廣泛的使用。由于大管樁采用干硬性混凝土經過高速離心、振動和滾壓成型等特殊工藝制作而成，其長期預應力損失規律與普通預應力混凝土結構不同。本文通過在樁身上預埋傳感器，對大管樁預應力筋松弛和混凝土收縮徐變引起的長期預應力損失開展研究，得到了其變化規律，為準確進行其承載力設計提供了必要的試驗依據。 Abstract：Due to many merits such as high bearing capacity on bending and low cost, the large diameter concrete pile made with post-tension method is now widely used in harbour engineering：As the large pile is produced by dry-hard concrete through special procedures of high speed centrifugation, vibration and roll compaction, the lose of prestress for long time is different from conventional prestressed-concrete structures. By means of sensors embedded in the pile body, the research on its long-term prestress lose, caused by relaxtion of prestressed reinforcement and the shringage or creep of concrete, is carried out and its law has been obtained.

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