第五期_2005_《混凝土與水泥制品》雜志社

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第五期

混合材對堿-硅反應的作用 Ⅱ.混合材對堿-硅反應膨脹作用的機理

張承志1，王愛勤2

２００5年第5期

摘要

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摘??要：在70℃條件下硅灰、礦渣和粉煤灰對堿-硅反應膨脹規律研究的基礎上，進一步分析研究了混合材對堿-硅反應膨脹作用的機理。結果表明，混合材對堿-硅反應的作用主要是化學作用和表面物理化學作用。在適當的條件下，化學作用可以使堿-硅反應得到有效抑制，而表面物理化學作用只能使堿-硅反應得到延緩?；旌喜牡幕瘜W作用和表面物理化學作用與體系中的Ca(OH)2含量有著密切的關系，在有大量Ca(OH)2存在的條件下，混合材不能有效地抑制堿-硅反應膨脹。只有當Ca(OH)2含量低到一定程度時，混合材才有可能抑制堿-硅反應膨脹。Abstract:Basedonstudyoftheinfluenceofsilicafume,slagandflyashonalkali-silicareactionundertheconditionof70℃,themechanismoftheeffectofmineraladmixturesonalkali-silicareactionisstudiedfurther.Theresultsshowthattheeffectsofmineraladmixturesonalkali-silicareactionaremainlyinchemistryeffectandsurfacephysichemistryeffect.Underthesuitablecondition,thechemistryeffectmaymakealkali-silicareactiontobeinhibitedeffectively,butthesurfacephysichemistryeffectonlymakealkali-silicareactiontobedelayed.ThechemistryeffectandthephysichemistryeffectofmineraladmixturearecloselyrelativetothecontentofCa(OH)2insystem.UndertheconditionthatthereisalargequantityofCa(OH)2insystem,themineraladmixturecannotinhibitalkali-silicareactioneffectively.OnlywhentheCa(OH)2inthesystemisverysmall,itispossiblethatthemineraladmixturecaninhibitalkali-silicareactioneffectively.

土壤聚合物和水泥砂漿的堿-硅反應

李克亮，黃國泓，徐輝，王冬，張奎

２００5年第5期

摘要

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摘要：為了比較分析土壤聚合物和含有礦物摻合料的水泥砂漿的堿－硅反應（ASR）問題。參照我國水工混凝土標準DL/T 5151-2001和ASTM C 441-97進行了抑制骨料堿活性效能的試驗。試驗結果表明：摻加礦物摻合料能夠有效地抑制ASR。當5％硅粉、20％粉煤灰和40％磨細礦渣共同摻入砂漿時，90d的膨脹率僅有0.13%，即降低了81.9％。對加壓擠出的硬化水泥漿體孔溶液進行化學分析，發現礦物摻合料的加入降低了孔溶液中鉀、鈉離子和氫氧根離子的濃度，這是減少ASR危害的根本原因。土壤聚合物是一種無定形的無機材料，由偏高嶺土、硅粉在高堿條件下制得。土壤聚合物的堿含量很高，達到12.1％，但土壤聚合物砂漿沒有產生任何膨脹，其原因是土壤聚合物中沒有充足的游離堿與活性骨料反應，因此不會產生危害性ASR。 Abstract: The alkali-silica reaction (ASR) of geopolymer mortar and cement mortar with mineral admixtures was experimentally compared, the test methods used were ASTM C 441-97 and DL/T 5151-2001. The results prove that mineral admixtures can effectively restrain ASR, when three kinds of mineral admixtures, i.e. silica fume, fly ash, and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), were used together, a compound effect was brought about and which will be more effective to restrain ASR, e.g. reducing mortar expansion 81.9% at 90 days. Chemical analysis of the pore solution shows that mineral admixtures reduce the concentrations of hydroxyl, potassium and sodium ions, so that the damages from ASR were decreased. And the geopolymer, an amorphous inorganic material, was prepared with metakaolin and silica fume in the condition of high pH. Geopolymer mortar did not generate any expansion even with alkali contents as high as 12.1%. The reason was that there was no enough free alkali to react with active aggregates in geopolymer.

反復荷載下腐蝕鋼筋與混凝土的粘結特性

方從啟1, 杜嘉偉2，潘洪源1

２００5年第5期

摘要

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摘要：試驗研究了混凝土中腐蝕鋼筋在反復荷載作用下的粘結－滑移特性。研究的參數包括：鋼筋腐蝕率和鋼筋的側向約束。試驗結果表明，鋼筋腐蝕率較低時，腐蝕減弱了加載過程中的粘結強度損失。而腐蝕率較高時，腐蝕則顯著增大了粘結強度損失，卸載時的粘結應力水平僅為加載時的3/4。無約束試件在達到最大粘結應力之后劈裂破壞，此時的滑移很小。與此形成對比，受約束試件最終表現為拔出破壞，此時的相對滑移較大但裂縫寬度較小，約為0.2 mm。較之于有約束試件，無約束試件的粘結強度隨腐蝕率變化的趨勢更為顯著。較高腐蝕率時，前5個加載循環會引起較大的粘結損失。Abstract:The relationship between bond stress and slip displacement of corroded reinforcement with concrete under cyclic loading has been experimentally investigated. The parameters investigated include reinforcement corrosion rate and lateral restraint of speciments. The results show that a lower level of corrosion help to reduce the bond loss during loading, while higher level corrosion significantly increase the bond loss. The valumes of bond stress in unloading was only as large as three-fourth of that in loading period. In unrestraint specimens, at the slip displacement was very small, the splitting failure of concrete was observed when the maximum bond stress was reached. As a comparison, the pullout failure was generally observed in restraint specimens and the slip was much larger while crack width was small, about 0.2 mm. The changes of bond strength in unrestraint specimens with increase of corrosion are more obvious than in retraint ones. A higher level corrosion caused larger bond decrease in the first five loading cycles.

粗集料級配對多孔混凝土性能的影響研究

劉小康1，高建明1，吉伯海2

２００5年第5期

摘要

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摘要：采用連續級配粗集料和單一粒級粗集料配制多孔混凝土，研究了集料級配對多孔混凝土的表觀密度﹑抗壓強度﹑空隙率﹑透水系數的影響。試驗結果表明，在相同集灰比情況下，采用單一粒級的粗集料配制的多孔混凝土能獲得較高的空隙率（大于22%），且抗壓強度達15MPa，可滿足對護坡工程所用生態混凝土提出的要求。 Abstract: With preparing the porous concrete by using of coarse aggregate, both continuous grading and single size particle, the influence of aggregate grading on to specific density, compressive strength, porosity and water-permeating coefficient has been investigated. The rezults show that, when the ratios of aggregate to cement are in the same, the concrete prepared by single size particle will get a larger porosity (more than 20% ) and a higher comressive strength (up to 15MPa ), that will meet the demands of Ecological Concrete for protection of embankments.

凍融循環作用下新老混凝土粘結的劈拉性能試驗研究

程紅強，高丹盈，李平先

２００5年第5期

摘要

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摘要：采用新老混凝土粘結而制作的立方體試件，通過快速凍融試驗，研究了凍融循環作用對新老混凝土粘結性能的影響。試驗包括對已有的混凝土經歷凍融循環作用后再與新混凝土粘結和新老混凝土粘結后再經歷凍融循環兩種情況，探索了凍融循環次數、粘結面粗糙度和界面劑類型等因素對粘結面劈拉強度的影響規律，分析了凍融循環作用對新老混凝土粘結面的損傷機理，并對遭受凍融破壞的混凝土結構粘結修補提出了建議。 Abstract: The influence of freeze-thaw cycling on the bonding perporemance of post-casting concrete to old concrete is studied by the accelerated freeze-thawing tests, the speciments are shaped as cubic and made by bonding of fresh concrete to old concrete. The tests include two groups, one is the old concrete that has already undergone the freezing - thawing and then was bonded by fresh concrete, after curring the splitting tests were carried out; the other one is that, the cubic speciments are made by fresh and old concrete and after curring undergone the freez-thawing tests, and finery the splitting tests were carried out. The factors that influence the splitting tensile strength such as the number of freezing thawing cycles, the roughness of interfaces and the type of interfacial agent are experimentally studied, and the mechanism on demage of bond of interface is analysed. Finally, a suggestion for repairing a damaged structure due to freeze-thawing is given up.

高性能輕骨料混凝土的力學和抗凍性能研究

宋宏偉1，郭玉順2

２００5年第5期

摘要

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摘要：通過高性能輕骨料混凝土的力學和抗凍性能測試，表明高性能輕骨料混凝土具有優異的輕質高強性能和抗凍耐久性能。文章解釋了輕骨料混凝土凍融過程中質量增加的原因和質量變化較大時的危害，并利用損傷理論和閾值理論解釋了不引氣的高強混凝土突然破壞的機理。

混凝土軌枕的耐久性設計與試驗研究

仲新華，謝永江，賈耀東，鄭新國

２００5年第5期

摘要

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摘要：通過軌枕混凝土的病害機理分析，從改進生產工藝和優化混凝土配合比兩方面提出了改善混凝土軌枕耐久性的基本設計思路。采用復合外加劑和較大摻量摻合料配制的混凝土，能大幅度提高混凝土的抗氯離子滲透和抗鹽結晶腐蝕性能，并使軌枕的靜載抗裂和抗疲勞性能有所提高。

預制混凝土檢查井應力計算

曹生龍

２００5年第5期

摘要

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摘要：預應力混凝土檢查井的應用正在逐漸增多，但目前我國對預應力混凝土檢查井的結構尚沒有一個規范的設計計算方法。本文通過對檢查井受力狀況的分析，提出了檢查井應力計算建議公式。

預制鋼筋混凝土管片生產工法

李民強

２００5年第5期

摘要

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摘要：總結了十年來預制鋼筋混凝土管片的生產經驗，介紹了利用鋼筋加工設備、混凝土攪拌振搗設備、模具、蒸汽養護設備、吊運設備等，按照設計要求制作成型鋼筋混凝土管片工法的特點、流程、控制要點、投入人力設備及經濟社會效益等。

水泥土強度在實驗室和現場條件下的對比分析

周曉龍

２００5年第5期

摘要

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摘要：在實驗室和現場條件下水泥土樁強度存在較大差異，這是引起水泥土樁事故的主要原因之一。通過對水泥土樁作用機理的探討，分析了水泥土樁在實驗室和現場條件下強度差異的原因，并提出了相應的改進方法和對策。

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